Obesity Abstracts

Background: Contrary to individuals with obesity, substance dependence is characterized by decreased response to food rewards. Methamphetamine (MA) is the second most common illegally used drug in the world and acute aerobic exercise can ameliorate drug craving in methamphetamine users. Men and women differ in food intake and drug seeking. This study aimed at determining sex differences in effects of moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise on food reward and appetite in MA a...

Background: In addition to effects on body weight and composition, it is becoming apparent that exercise training improves markers of appetite control. Several studies have focused on homeostatic appetite responses to exercise training (e.g. appetite-related peptides, gastric emptying, satiety and food intake), but little is known on its effects on food reward and susceptibility to overeating.Methods: This study examined changes in food reward and eating...

Background: Changes in body composition following energy restriction are highly variable between individuals, but whether adaptations in biological (resting metabolic rate; RMR) or behavioural (physical activity; PA) components of total energy expenditure (TEE) underlie this variability remains unclear. This study examined if changes in TEE and its components were associated with the rate of weight loss (WL) in women during energy restriction.Methods: 46...

Background: Contrary to the idea that compensatory increases in food reward occur after weight loss (WL), a systematic review has shown that liking (L) and implicit wanting (W) decrease after WL interventions. However, there is a large individual variability in WL-induced changes in food reward, with potential implications for weight regain. The aim of this multivariate analysis was to summarize the changes in L&W during WL at the individual level.Me...

Background: To better understand the role that food reward and eating behavior have on obesity and lifestyle management strategies, reliable and valid measurement tools are needed to quantify modern day eating behaviours and food preferences. This study aims to determine the test-retest reliability of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) in a South African population. The validity of the tool was assessed by investigations of its associations with other eating behavi...

Background: It is generally accepted that loss of control of eating may undermine long-term weight loss. Given the wide availability of high energy dense (HED) foods in the obesogenic environment, it is important to identify individuals most susceptible to overconsumption of HED foods during weight loss attempts. This study examined psychological predictors of overconsumption in response to HED meals during a weight loss attempt.Methods: Ninety-six women...

Background: Previous research suggests that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a determinant of self-selected meal size and 24-hour energy intake (EI) under laboratory and free-living conditions. However, whether the accumulation of adipose tissue weakens the coupling between RMR and EI has yet to be examined. The aim of this study was to examine if body fat percentage moderated the association between RMR and 24-hour EI in women across a range of body mass index (BMI).<p cla...

Background: There is increasing evidence that exercise training may facilitate weight management via improvements in appetite control. However, the meaningfulness of inter-individual variability in exercise-induced changes has recently been challenged.Methods: This study examined the individual variability in body weight and composition, and markers of appetite in response to a supervised 12-week exercise intervention (2500 kcal/week) in inactive individ...

Background: Roughly twenty percent of individuals who are successful at weight loss can successfully maintain the weight loss permanently. The physiological and psycho-behavioural compensatory responses to weight loss makes weight loss maintenance a rare phenomenon. In a preliminary study we found that successful weight loss maintainers have higher executive function, higher eating restraint and adhere to higher levels of physical activity compared to lean individuals with no ...